Tirzepatide is an FDA-approved peptide medication for managing type 2 diabetes and promoting weight loss. It is administered through weekly subcutaneous injections. The medication functions by activating two key proteins: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These proteins, secreted by intestinal cells after eating, play crucial roles in regulating blood sugar and appetite. Tirzepatide's dual action on GLP-1 and GIP receptors improves glucose control, suppresses appetite, and enhances lipid metabolism, contributing to its effectiveness in weight management as demonstrated in clinical trials.

Tirzepatide may cause several side effects, primarily affecting the digestive system. These include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, reduced appetite, constipation, and discomfort in the upper abdominal area. The medication is not recommended for individuals with a personal or family history of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), recurrent pancreatitis, severe kidney impairment, severe gastroparesis, or known serious hypersensitivity to tirzepatide. Patients should consult their healthcare provider for a comprehensive understanding of potential risks and contraindications.

A subcutaneous injection is a method of administering medication into the layer of fatty tissue beneath the skin. This technique involves pinching the skin to create a fold and inserting the needle into this raised area. Subcutaneous injections are utilized because the fatty tissue has limited blood flow, allowing for slower absorption of the medication, often over a 24-hour period. This method is commonly used for various peptide medications, including Tirzepatide, as well as other well-known treatments such as growth hormone, insulin, and epinephrine.